Organização da atenção primária à saúde de municípios de São Paulo, Brasil: modelo de atenção e coerência com as diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde / Organización de la atención primaria de salud de municipios de São Paulo, Brasil: modelo de atención y coherencia con las directrices del Sistema Único de Salud / Primary health care organization in municipalities of São Paulo, Brazil: a model of care aligned with the Brazilian Unified National Health System's guidelines

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os principais padrões de organização das redes municipais de serviços de atenção primária à saúde (APS) e avaliá-los segundo os indicadores de interface entre gestão e gerenciamento local. Trata-se de pesquisa avaliativa que analisou 461 municípios de São Paulo, Brasil, que participaram do Inquérito de Avaliação da Qualidade de Serviços de Atenção Básica (QualiAB) em 2017/2018, classificados segundo a composição dos arranjos organizacionais de 2.472 serviços de APS. Para avaliar os padrões identificados, foram selecionados oito indicadores de gestão e gerenciamento local. Os resultados apontam dois grupos de municípios: homogêneos, com serviços de um mesmo arranjo (43,6%); e heterogêneos, com diferentes arranjos (56,4%). Os grupos foram subdivididos em sete padrões que variaram entre homogêneo-tradicional, homogêneo-Estratégia Saúde da Família, homogêneo-misto e diferentes combinações no grupo heterogêneo. Todos os indicadores apontaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p < 0,001), com destaque para o grupo homogêneo-tradicional, com padrão organizacional distante do modelo desejado para uma APS abrangente e resolutiva, enquanto aqueles com unidades de saúde da família (USF), e com unidades básicas com agentes comunitários de saúde e/ou equipes de saúde da família (UBS/USF) demonstraram um padrão mais aproximado desse modelo - com ações de planejamento e avaliação comprometidos com a realidade local e com a qualificação do trabalho. Discute-se a importância das políticas implementadas pela gestão federal e estadual e seu poder de indução na definição do modelo de atenção à saúde na APS dos municípios.

Resumen: El trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar los principales patrones de organización de las redes municipales de servicios de atención primaria de salud (APS) y evaluarlos conforme los indicadores de interfaz entre la dirección y gestión local. Se trata de una investigación evaluativa que analizó 461 municipios de São Paulo, Brasil, que participaron de la Encuesta de Evaluación de la Calidad de los Servicios de Atención Primaria (QualiAB) en 2017/2018, clasificados según la composición de los arreglos organizativos de 2.472 servicios de APS. Para evaluar los patrones identificados, se seleccionaron ocho indicadores de dirección y gestión local. Los resultados indican dos grupos de municipios: homogéneos, con servicios de un mismo arreglo (43,6%) e heterogéneos, con arreglos diferentes (56,4%). Los grupos se subdividieron en siete patrones que iban desde homogéneo-tradicional, homogéneo-Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, homogéneo-mixto y diferentes combinaciones en el grupo heterogéneo. Todos los indicadores señalaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p < 0,001), con destaque para el grupo homogéneo-tradicional, con patrón organizativo alejado del modelo deseado para una APS completa y resolutiva, mientras aquellos con unidades de salud de la familia (USF), y con unidades básicas con agentes comunitarios de salud y/o equipos de salud de la familia (UBS/USF) demostraron un patrón más cercano a este modelo -con acciones de planificación y evaluación comprometidas con la realidad local y con la calificación del trabajo. Se discute la importancia de las políticas implementadas por la gestión federal y la gestión estatal y su poder de inducción para definir el modelo de atención a la salud en la APS de los municipios.

Abstract: This study analyzes the main organization patterns used by primary health care (PHC) services in municipal networks and evaluates them according to indicators of local management-administration interface. Evaluative research analyzed 461 municipalities in São Paulo, Brazil, that participated in the Primary Care Services Quality Assessment Survey (QualiAB) in 2017/2018, classified according to the organizational arrangements composition of 2,472 PHC services. Eight indicators of local management and administration were selected to evaluate the identified patterns. Results indicate two groups of municipalities: homogeneous, with services presenting the same arrangement (43.6%); and heterogeneous, with different arrangements (56.4%). These were subdivided into seven patterns that ranged from homogeneous-traditional, homogeneous-Family Health Strategy, homogeneous-mixed, and different combinations in the heterogeneous group. All indicators showed significant differences between groups (p < 0.001), especially the homogeneous-traditional group, which presented an organizational pattern far from the desired model of a comprehensive and problem-solving PHC. Those integrated with family health units (FHU) and basic health units with community health workers and/or family health teams (BHU/FHU) showed a pattern closer to a comprehensive model - with planning and evaluation actions committed to the local reality and qualification of care. Implementation of federal and state policies are essential for defining the PHC health care model adopted by municipalities.

Estructura conceptual de la competencia gestión de desechos radiactivos para tecnólogos de Medicina Nuclear / Conceptual structure of the radioactive waste management competency for Nuclear Medicine technologists

Introducción: la Medicina Nuclear es una especialidad médica que trata o diagnostica diferentes afecciones mediante imágenes de tipo funcional-molecular, a partir del empleo de fuentes no selladas. Un aspecto importante en el desempeño profesional es la adecuada gestión de sustancias que puedan resultar nocivas. Objetivo: fundamentar la estructura conceptual de la competencia gestión de desechos radiactivos. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con un análisis crítico reflexivo, se consideraron documentos normativos de la actividad en Medicina Nuclear, tesis, artículos y libros, publicados a partir del 2018 en español e inglés. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos SciELO durante el periodo comprendido de enero a mayo del 2023. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: competencias, gestión y desechos radiactivos. Fueron revisados 73 textos y se seleccionaron 20 para conformar el texto final. Resultados: se delimitaron cuatro núcleos temáticos: pertinencia de formar competencias profesionales, base teórico-metodológica, base legal y riesgos e implicaciones. Resulta evidente el insuficiente tratamiento teórico-metodológico a la gestión de desechos como actividad de los tecnólogos de Medicina Nuclear. Se propone la definición de la competencia, los problemas contextuales que aborda, ejes procesuales, criterio de desempeño y evidencias requeridas. Conclusiones: el estudio de las competencias profesionales en los tecnólogos de la salud es un campo de notable vigencia encaminado a desarrollar su profesionalización. La evidente relación establecida entre la competencia gestión de desechos radiactivos y la reducción de riesgos y accidentes, conlleva la responsabilidad de formar profesionales preparados para desempeñarse con éxito en la Medicina Nuclear.

Introduction: Nuclear Medicine is a medical specialty that treats or diagnoses different conditions through functional-molecular images, using unsealed sources. An important aspect in professional performance is the proper management of substances that may be harmful. Objective: to support the conceptual structure of the radioactive waste management competence. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out with a reflective critical analysis, normative documents of the activity in Nuclear Medicine, theses, articles, and books, published since 2018 in Spanish and English, were considered. The search was carried out in the SciELO databases from January to May 2023. The keywords used were competencies, management and radioactive waste. 73 texts were reviewed and 20 were selected to make up the final text. Results: four topic cores were defined: relevance of training professional competencies, theoretical-methodological base, legal base and risks and implications. The insufficient theoretical-methodological treatment of waste management as an activity of Nuclear Medicine technologists is evident. The definition of the competence, the contextual problems it addresses, procedural axes, performance criteria and required evidence are proposed. Conclusions: the study of professional competencies in health technologists is a field of notable validity aimed at developing their professionalization. The evident relationship established between radioactive waste management competence and the reduction of risks and accidents entails the responsibility of training professionals prepared to perform successfully in Nuclear Medicine.

Gestão regional no enfrentamento à pandemia da Covid-19: estudo de casos em São Paulo / Regional management in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: case study in São Paulo

RESUMO Ao final do ano de 2019 o mundo foi surpreendido pela Covid-19, que chegou ao Brasil no início de 2020, fazendo com que o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) adotasse estratégias imediatas para atender as necessidades de saúde da população, colocando em evidência todos os obstáculos que o sistema de saúde vinha enfrentando nos últimos anos. O estado de São Paulo não foi diferente do restante do País em relação ao enfrentamento. Este estudo objetivou identificar as principais estratégias adotadas em 5 regiões de saúde de São Paulo, com foco na gestão regional, analisando os processos e práticas adotados para o enfrentamento à pandemia da Covid-19. Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado através de estudo de casos múltiplos, com abordagem exploratória, a partir de pesquisa de campo e realização de oficinas regionais. As regiões de saúde deste estudo puderam comprovar a importância da intersetorialidade nas ações de saúde como um todo. Notou-se o grande papel dos municípios nestas ações e a união destes, fortalecendo o papel da regionalização e ampliando a importância da governança em saúde. Ademais, as regiões de saúde saíram fortalecidas porque exerceram seu papel de liderança e organizaram ações junto aos municípios.

ABSTRACT At the end of 2019 the world was surprised by COVID-19, which arrived in Brazil at the beginning of 2020, causing the Unified Health System (SUS) to adopt immediate strategies to meet health needs, as well as putting in check all the obstacles that the health system has been facing in recent years. In the state of São Paulo it was not different from the rest of the country in relation to the confrontation. This study aimed to identify the main strategies adopted in 5 health regions of São Paulo, focusing on regional management, analyzing the processes and practices adopted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. It was a qualitative study, carried out through a multiple case study, with an exploratory approach, based on field research and regional workshops. In this study, the health regions were able to prove the importance of intersectoral actions in the health system. It was noted the great role of municipalities in these actions and their union, strengthening the role of regionalization and expanding the importance of governance in health. In addition, the health regions were strengthened because they exercised their leadership role and organized actions with the municipalities.

Modelo de gestión del cuidado de enfermería en servicios hospitalario / Nursing care management model in hospital services

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el modelo de gestión del cuidado de enfermería en servicios hospitalarios. Metodología: La metodología desarrollada en este estudio se basó en la perspectiva cuantitativa, utilizando tipologías documental-bibliográficas que ayudan a establecer el análisis del objeto de investigación. El material abordado se conformó por tesis de grado, investigaciones científicas, trabajos arbitrados y, con ello, descubrir características y relaciones entre los elementos. En conclusión: El rol de enfermería en el desarrollo de los modelos de gestión del cuidado en los servicios hospitalarios, es de gran importancia ya que establecen los mecanismos de comunicación para su implementación en conjunto con el resto del equipo de salud, que hace vida en los centros hospitalarios.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the nursing care management model in hospital services. Methodology: The methodology developed in this study is based on the quantitative perspective using documentary-bibliographic typologies that help to establish the analysis of the research object. The material approached consisted of degree theses, scientific research, refereed works and thus discovering characteristics and relationships between the elements. In conclusion: The role of nursing in the development of care management models in hospital services is of great importance since it is necessary to establish the communication mechanisms for its implementation together with the rest of the health team that works in the hospital centers.

Modelo de gestión del cuidado de enfermería en servicios hospitalario / Nursing care management model in hospital services

Describir el modelo de gestión del cuidado de enfermería en servicios hospitalario. Metodología: La metodología desarrollada en este estudio se basó en la perspectiva cuantitativa utilizando tipologías documental-bibliográficos que ayudan a establecer el análisis del objeto de investigación. El material abordado se conformó por tesis de grado, investigaciones científicas, trabajos arbitrados y con ello descubrir características y relaciones entre los elementos. En conclusión: El rol de enfermería en el desarrollo de los modelos de gestión del cuidado en los servicios hospitalarios, es de gran importancia ya que establecen los mecanismos de comunicación para su implementación en conjunto con el resto del equipo de salud, que hace vida en los centros hospitalarios.

To describe the nursing care management model in hospital services. Methodology: The methodology developed in this study is based on the quantitative perspective using documentary-bibliographic typologies that help to establish the analysis of the research object. The material approached consisted of degree theses, scientific research, refereed works and thus discovering characteristics and relationships between the elements. In conclusion: The role of nursing in the development of care management models in hospital services is of great importance since it is necessary to establish the communication mechanisms for its implementation together with the rest of the health team that works in the hospital centers.

Theoretical model for management of nursing research groups / Modelo teórico para la gestión de grupos de investigación en enfermeira / Modelo teórico para gestão de grupos de pesquisa em enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a theoretical model for management of research groups in nursing graduate programs. Method: This is a Grounded Theory developed in a stricto sensu nursing graduate program of a public university. Data collection was conducted from April to October 2018 and the theoretical sample consisted of 21 participants arranged in three sample groups. Results: Research activities are linked to research groups, which require human, material and financial resources to develop their studies. These conditions call for management strategies and national and international interactions that result in theoretical, scientific and technological development of the profession. Final considerations: The theoretical model for management of research groups can serve as a guide for graduate programs in nursing and health for planning the work process and so that they can contribute with research of great impact for society.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Elaborar un modelo teórico de gestión de grupos de investigación de un programa de posgrado en enfermería. Método: Se trata de una Teoría Basada en Datos desarrollada en un programa de postgrado de enfermería stricto sensu de una universidad pública. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo de abril a octubre de 2018 y la muestra teórica estuvo compuesta por 21 participantes dispuestos en tres grupos de muestra. Resultados: Las actividades de investigación están vinculadas a los grupos de investigación, que necesitan recursos humanos, materiales y financieros para desarrollar sus estudios. Estas condiciones exigen estrategias de gestión e interacciones nacionales e internacionales que den lugar al desarrollo teórico, científico y tecnológico de la profesión. Consideraciones finales: El modelo teórico de gestión de grupos de investigación puede servir de guía a los programas de posgrado en enfermería y salud para planificar el proceso de trabajo y que puedan contribuir con investigaciones de gran impacto para la sociedad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Elaborar um modelo teórico de gestão de grupos de pesquisa para programas de pós-graduação em enfermagem. Método: Trata-se de uma Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados desenvolvida em um programa de pós-graduação em enfermagem stricto sensu de uma universidade pública. A coleta de dados foi realizada de abril a outubro de 2018 e a amostra teórica foi composta por 21 participantes dispostos em três grupos amostrais. Resultados: As atividades de pesquisa estão vinculadas a grupos de pesquisa, que necessitam de recursos humanos, materiais e financeiros para desenvolver seus estudos. Essas condições pedem estratégias de gestão e interações nacionais e internacionais que resultam em desenvolvimento teórico, científico e tecnológico da profissão. Considerações finais: O modelo teórico de gestão de grupos de pesquisa pode servir como guia para programas de pós-graduação em enfermagem e saúde para planejamento do processo de trabalho e para que possam contribuir com pesquisas de grande impacto para a sociedade.

A visão de gerentes de atenção básica à saúde sobre suas atribuições / The perspective of primary health care managers about their attributions

Resumo O artigo objetivou compreender o desenvolvimento das atribuições do gerente de atenção básica a partir da perspectiva desses mesmos profissionais, na capital Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, que entrevistou a oito gerentes de Unidades Básicas de Saúde e tratado por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados identificaram que os gerentes, como rotina, administram o fluxo assistencial e o registro de frequência dos membros da equipe, mas apresentam limitações para gerir o trabalho em equipe e a estrutura física. Em nível institucional, mediam a relação dos profissionais da equipe com a sede administrativa, porém demostram escassa participação no estabelecimento de ações intersetoriais. Valorizam a relação com a comunidade, no entanto, relatam haver pouca participação social no âmbito das Unidades. Demonstram, ainda, pouco conhecimento sobre as políticas e sistemas de informação em saúde. Considera-se que, para um impacto positivo no acesso e na qualidade à saúde da população, é necessária: a garantida da governabilidade dos gerentes sobre os recursos materiais e da gestão de pessoal; o monitoramento das metas de saúde com a participação colaborativa da comunidade; apropriação e fomento das redes de trabalho em saúde; e um programa de formação em serviço que auxilie a gestão local.

Abstract The article aimed to understand the development of the attributions of the primary care manager from the perspective of these same professionals, in the capital Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. It is a qualitative research, which interviewed eight managers of Basic Health Units and treated by means of content analysis. The results identified that the managers as routine manage the flow of care and the attendance record of the team members, but present limitations to manage the teamwork and the physical structure. At the institutional level, they mediate the relationship of the team's professionals with the administrative headquarters, but show little participation in the establishment of intersectoral actions. They value the relationship with the community, however, they report little social participation at the Unit level. They show little knowledge about health policies and information systems. It is considered that, for a positive impact on access and quality to the health of the population, it is necessary: to guarantee the governability of managers over material resources and personnel management; the monitoring of health goals with the collaborative participation of the community; the appropriation and promotion of health work networks; and an in-service training program that helps local management.

Programa de Gestão e Desempenho: ponte para uberização no serviço público federal brasileiro / Management and Performance Program: bridge to uberization in the Brazilian federal public service

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a introdução do Programa de Gestão e Desempenho (PGD) na Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Métodos: o PGD começou a ser implementado na UFF a partir de maio de 2022, este ensaio apresenta as mudanças estabelecidas e discute suas relações com o processo de uberização. Resultados: as diretrizes estabelecidas pelo PGD, bem como a experiência inicial de sua implementação na UFF, apontam uma forte influência do ideário que orienta o fenômeno da uberização do trabalho. Ao produzir mudanças profundas na forma de organização e controle das atividades laborais, o PGD traz também potenciais impactos na saúde do trabalhador, destacadamente a maior dificuldade no mapeamento e controle dos riscos nos ambientes de trabalho, que se tornam mais pulverizados; e os efeitos nocivos à saúde mental, provocados por um modelo de gestão baseado no controle rigoroso de processos e cumprimento de metas. Conclusões: o programa instituído na UFF guarda muitas relações com o modelo de gestão do trabalho uberizado, que vem se impondo como tendência do capitalismo contemporâneo, impactando, de forma desigual, os trabalhadores. A mudança no modelo de gestão das atividades laborais, imposta pelo programa, aponta para potenciais efeitos sobre a saúde física e mental do trabalhador.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the introduction of the Performance and Management Program (PMP) at the Federal Fluminense University (UFF). Methods: the PMP began to be implemented at the UFF in May 2022. This essay presents the established changes and discusses their relationship with the process of "uberization". Results: the guidelines established by the PMP, as well as the initial experience of its implementation at UFF, indicate a strong influence of the ideas guiding the phenomenon of "uberization" of work. By bringing about profound changes in the organization and control of work activities, the PMP also has the potential to impact the workers' health, notably increasing the difficulty in mapping and controlling risks in work environments, which become more decentralized. It can also have detrimental effects on mental health, caused by a management model based on strict process control and goal fulfillment. Conclusions: the program instituted at UFF shares many similarities with the model of "uberized" work management, which has been emerging as a trend in contemporary capitalism, affecting workers unevenly. The change in the management model of work activities imposed by the program suggests potential effects on the workers' physical and mental health..

Gerencia de Enfermería durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital público de Honduras / Nursing Management at a Honduran Public Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introducción: El modelo de gestión hospitalaria es el conjunto de políticas y procesos que permiten tomar decisiones asertivas. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, los sistemas de salud a nivel global necesitaron reorganización para responder a las necesidades presentadas. Sin embargo, no se tiene registro de dicho proceso en Honduras. Objetivo: Explorar las experiencias de profesionales de Enfermería relacionadas con la gerencia de servicios del Hospital "Mario Catarino Rivas" durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio fenomenológico interpretativo sobre las experiencias de profesionales de Enfermería relacionadas con la gerencia de servicios del Hospital "Mario Catarino Rivas", durante la pandemia de COVID-19. La colecta de datos fue mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a 20 profesionales de Enfermería en cargos de jefatura, como resultado de un muestreo deliberado. Los datos se analizaron con el método temático, con agrupación de las narraciones, se siguieron los siete pasos de la perspectiva de Colaizzi. Resultados: Se hallaron tres temas, siete subtemas y 30 conceptos, se encontró la calidad total el modelo gerencial utilizado para dar respuestas a las dificultades presentadas durante la pandemia COVID-19. Dentro de los principales desafíos se encontró "falta de recursos humanos" para dar respuesta a la demanda de pacientes. Conclusiones: Durante la COVID-19, se evidencia el importante rol del profesional de Enfermería en cargos gerenciales para mitigar el impacto económico en el sistema de salud hondureño, y garantizar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Es necesario la apertura de espacios con mayor responsabilidad, con respaldo legal que fortalezca la práctica avanzada(AU)

Introduction: A hospital management model is the set of policies and processes that allow assertive decision making. During the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems worldwide required reorganization to respond to the emerging needs. However, there is no record of such process in Honduras. Objective: To explore the experiences of nursing professionals concerning the management of services at Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An interpretative phenomenological study was conducted on the experiences of nursing professionals concerning the management of services at Hospital Mario Catarino Rivas during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected using semistructured interviews with 20 nursing professionals in head positions, as a result of a deliberate sampling. The data were analyzed using the thematic method, with clustering of narratives and following the seven steps of Colaizzi's perspective. Results: Three themes, 7 subthemes and 30 concepts were found. In addition, the overall quality of the management model used to respond to the difficulties presented during the COVID-19 pandemic was found. Among the main challenges, "lack of human resources" to respond to patient demand was found. Conclusions: During COVID-19, the important role of the nursing professional in managerial positions to mitigate the economic impact on the Honduran health system and to guarantee the quality of life of patients is evident. It is necessary to open spaces with greater responsibility, with legal support to strengthen advanced practice(AU)

Concepción del proceso de gestión en el contexto de Enfermería profesional / Conception of the management process in the context of Professional Nursing

Introducción: La gestión constituye una actividad fundamental de la organización del trabajo y en el contexto profesional de Enfermería tiene como reto lograr la sostenibilidad del cuidado. Este profesional asume su gestión como un proceso complejo, que manifiesta la necesidad de un análisis valorativo, en los aspectos teóricos y metodológicos, que exigen la disciplina y el sistema sanitario. Objetivo: Sistematizar el término gestión en el contexto de Enfermería profesional. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica sistemática de obras publicadas durante los años 2010 al 2020, seleccionadas durante los meses enero a abril del 2021. Se utilizaron palabras clave reconocidas en DeCS y operadores booleanos: "Administración de recursos humanos" AND "Organización" OR "Administración" AND "Administración Hospitalaria" AND "Atención de Enfermería" OR "Servicios de Enfermería". La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos: Dialnet, SciELO, Índex, Redalyc, Medigraphic. Se utilizó el diagrama de flujo PRISMA para favorecer la formulación de la maniobra de búsqueda. La pregunta guía se estructuró a través de la metodología PICO, cuyo nombre proviene del inglés Patient, Intervention, Comparation, Outcome. La sistematización favoreció la interpretación de los referentes y resultados de la organización del conocimiento científico y la bibliografía cotejada. Conclusiones: Se reconoce la variada similitud de criterios y relevancia de integración y fusión, del proceso de gestión de Enfermería en diversas áreas del conocimiento en la especialidad, con vistas a mejorar la actividad gestora, en correspondencia con el objeto social y los resultados, atemperados a las exigencias del sistema de salud en los diferentes niveles de atención(AU)

Introduction: Management is a fundamental activity of the organization of work and has as a challenge, to achieve the sustainability of care, in the professional context of Nursing. This professional assumes its management as a complex process, which manifests the need for an evaluative analysis, in the theoretical and methodological aspects, which require the discipline and the health system. Objective: To systematize the term management in the context of Professional Nursing. Methods: Systematic bibliographic review of works published during the years 2010 to 2020, selected during the months January to April 2021. Recognized keywords in DeCS and Boolean operators were used: "Human Resource Management" AND "Organization" OR "Administration" AND "Hospital Administration" AND "Nursing Care" OR "Nursing Services". The search was carried out in the databases: Dialnet, Scielo, Índex, Redalyc, Medigraphic. The PRISMA flowchart was used to favor the formulation of the search maneuver. The guiding question was structured through the PICO methodology, whose name comes from the English Patient, Intervention, Comparation, Outcome. The systematization favored the interpretation of the referents and results of the organization of scientific knowledge and the collated bibliography. Conclusions: The varied similarity of criteria and relevance of integration and fusion of the Nursing management process in various areas of knowledge in the specialty is recognized, with a view to improving the management activity, in correspondence with the social purpose and the results, tempered to the demands of the health system at the different levels of care(AU)

Adaptation and validation of an adult patient classification instrument with emphasis on the family dimension / Adaptación y validación de instrumento de clasificación de paciente adulto con énfasis en la dimensión familiar / Adaptação e validação de instrumento de classificação de paciente adulto com ênfase na dimensão familiar

ABSTRACT Objectives: to adapt and validate an instrument for classifying adult patients that emphasizes the family support network in the demand for nursing care. Methods: methodological study, carried out in three phases: adaptation of an instrument considering the reality of adult patients; content validation with seven experts and assessment of measurement properties (construct validity and internal consistency) with 781 hospitalized patients. Results: in content validation, the indicators reached the values established for the Content Validity Index (0.85-1.00). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the 11 indicators were distributed in three domains and presented average variance extracted and factor loading greater than 0.5. Composite reliability was greater than 0.7. Conclusions: the present study adapted and made available, with evidence of validity and reliability, an instrument for classifying adult patients that considers the family support network in the demand for nursing care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: adaptar y validar un instrumento para clasificación de pacientes adultos que enfatiza la red de apoyo familiar en la demanda de cuidados de enfermería. Métodos: estudio metodológico, realizado en tres fases: adaptación de un instrumento considerando la realidad de pacientes adultos; validez de contenido con siete especialistas y evaluación de las propiedades de medida (validez de constructo y consistencia interna) con 781 pacientes internados. Resultados: en la validez de contenido, los indicadores alcanzaron los valores establecidos para el Índice de Validez de Contenido (0,85-1,00). En el análisis factorial confirmatorio, los 11 indicadores fueron distribuidos en tres dominios y presentaron desviación mediana extraída y carga factorial superiores a 0,5. La confiabilidad compuesta fue superior a 0,7. Conclusiones: el presente estudio adaptó y proveyó, con evidencias de validez y confiabilidad, un instrumento para clasificación de pacientes adultos que considera la red de apoyo familiar en la demanda de cuidados de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivos: adaptar e validar um instrumento para classificação de pacientes adultos que enfatiza a rede de suporte familiar na demanda de cuidados de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo metodológico, realizado em três fases: adaptação de um instrumento considerando a realidade de pacientes adultos; validação de conteúdo com sete especialistas e avaliação das propriedades de medida (validade de construto e consistência interna) com 781 pacientes internados. Resultados: na validação de conteúdo, os indicadores alcançaram os valores estabelecidos para o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (0,85-1,00). Na análise fatorial confirmatória, os 11 indicadores foram distribuídos em três domínios e apresentaram variância média extraída e carga fatorial superiores a 0,5. A confiabilidade composta foi superior a 0,7. Conclusões: o presente estudo adaptou e disponibilizou, com evidências de validade e confiabilidade, um instrumento para classificação de pacientes adultos que considera a rede de suporte familiar na demanda de cuidados de enfermagem.

Adaptation and validation of an adult patient classification instrument with emphasis on the family dimension / Adaptación y validación de instrumento de clasificación de paciente adulto con énfasis en la dimensión familiar / Adaptação e validação de instrumento de classificação de paciente adulto com ênfase na dimensão familiar

ABSTRACT Objectives: to adapt and validate an instrument for classifying adult patients that emphasizes the family support network in the demand for nursing care. Methods: methodological study, carried out in three phases: adaptation of an instrument considering the reality of adult patients; content validation with seven experts and assessment of measurement properties (construct validity and internal consistency) with 781 hospitalized patients. Results: in content validation, the indicators reached the values established for the Content Validity Index (0.85-1.00). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the 11 indicators were distributed in three domains and presented average variance extracted and factor loading greater than 0.5. Composite reliability was greater than 0.7. Conclusions: the present study adapted and made available, with evidence of validity and reliability, an instrument for classifying adult patients that considers the family support network in the demand for nursing care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: adaptar y validar un instrumento para clasificación de pacientes adultos que enfatiza la red de apoyo familiar en la demanda de cuidados de enfermería. Métodos: estudio metodológico, realizado en tres fases: adaptación de un instrumento considerando la realidad de pacientes adultos; validez de contenido con siete especialistas y evaluación de las propiedades de medida (validez de constructo y consistencia interna) con 781 pacientes internados. Resultados: en la validez de contenido, los indicadores alcanzaron los valores establecidos para el Índice de Validez de Contenido (0,85-1,00). En el análisis factorial confirmatorio, los 11 indicadores fueron distribuidos en tres dominios y presentaron desviación mediana extraída y carga factorial superiores a 0,5. La confiabilidad compuesta fue superior a 0,7. Conclusiones: el presente estudio adaptó y proveyó, con evidencias de validez y confiabilidad, un instrumento para clasificación de pacientes adultos que considera la red de apoyo familiar en la demanda de cuidados de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivos: adaptar e validar um instrumento para classificação de pacientes adultos que enfatiza a rede de suporte familiar na demanda de cuidados de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo metodológico, realizado em três fases: adaptação de um instrumento considerando a realidade de pacientes adultos; validação de conteúdo com sete especialistas e avaliação das propriedades de medida (validade de construto e consistência interna) com 781 pacientes internados. Resultados: na validação de conteúdo, os indicadores alcançaram os valores estabelecidos para o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (0,85-1,00). Na análise fatorial confirmatória, os 11 indicadores foram distribuídos em três domínios e apresentaram variância média extraída e carga fatorial superiores a 0,5. A confiabilidade composta foi superior a 0,7. Conclusões: o presente estudo adaptou e disponibilizou, com evidências de validade e confiabilidade, um instrumento para classificação de pacientes adultos que considera a rede de suporte familiar na demanda de cuidados de enfermagem.

Guidelines for the self-management of people subjected to hematopoietic stem cell transplantations / Pautas para el automanejo de personas sometidas a transplantes de células madre hematopoyéticas / Diretrizes para o autogerenciamento de pessoas submetidas ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas

ABSTRACT Objective: to know meanings and demands for the self-management of home-based care for Hematopoietic Stem Cell transplant recipients and to discuss these demands with nurses, aiming at proposing guidelines. Method: a qualitative study based on the convergent care research study developed between December 2020 and August 2021 in a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Service from Juiz de Fora - Minas Gerais, carried out in two stages: semi-structured interview and small group discussion. 17 people participated in the study: 12 transplanted individuals and five nurses. Data analysis was supported by the Iramuteq software and by the synthesis and theorization proposed by convergent care research. Results: in Stage 1, performed with transplanted patients, six classes emerged that were interpreted in four subcorpuses and pointed out the meanings and demands for self-management. In Stage 2, performed with nurses, the demands found in Stage 1 were submitted to reflection in the discussion group and ratified. Based on the findings, the guidelines to meet the health self-management demands of transplanted people were as follows: professional monitoring, adherence to the treatment, maintenance of the prescribed care measures, search for guidelines and information, implications of the diagnosis, restoration of immunity, inclusion in the job market, physical limitations, and changes in everyday habits. Conclusion: the guidelines proposed reflect the understanding of the needs experienced for an individual to adapt to the health/disease process in the post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation phase, and express the importance of carrying out strategies that promote self-management.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer significados y requisitos para el automanejo de las medidas de atención domiciliaria para personas sometidas a trasplantes de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas y debatir dichos requisitos con enfermeros, con vistas a proponer pautas. Método: estudio cualitativo basado en la Investigación Convergente Asistencial y desarrollado entre diciembre de 2020 y agosto de 2021 en un Servicio de Trasplantes de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas de Juiz de Fora - Minas Gerais, siguiendo dos etapas: entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupo de discusión reducido. Participaron 17 personas: 12 pacientes trasplantados y cinco enfermeros. El análisis de los datos contó con el apoyo del software Iramuteq y de la síntesis y teorización propuesta por la Investigación Convergente Asistencial. Resultados: en la Etapa 1, realizada con pacientes trasplantados, surgieron seis clases que se interpretaron en cuatro subcuerpos y señalaron los significados y los requisitos para el automanejo. En la Etapa 2, realizada con enfermeros, los requisitos que se encontraron en la Etapa 1 se sometieron a reflexión en el grupo de discusión, para luego ser ratificados. En función de los hallazgos, las pautas para suplir los requisitos de automanejo de la salud de personas trasplantadas fueron las siguientes: monitoreo profesional, adhesión al tratamiento, mantenimiento de las medidas de atención prescritas, búsqueda de orientación e información, repercusiones del diagnóstico, restablecimiento de la inmunidad, inclusión en el mercado laboral, limitaciones físicas y cambios en los hábitos cotidianos. Conclusión: las pautas propuestas reflejan el entendimiento de las necesidades experimentadas para que una persona se adapte al proceso de salud/enfermedad en la fase posterior a un Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas e indican la importancia de implementar estrategias que promuevan el automanejo.

RESUMO: Objetivo: conhecer significados e demandas para o autogerenciamento dos cuidados em domicílio de transplantados de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas e discutir com enfermeiros essas demandas, visando à proposição de diretrizes. Método: estudo qualitativo baseado na pesquisa convergente assistencial desenvolvido entre dezembro de 2020 a agosto de 2021 em um Serviço de Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas em Juiz de Fora - Minas Gerais, realizado em duas etapas: entrevista semiestruturada e pequeno grupo de discussão. Participaram 17 pessoas, sendo 12 transplantados e cinco enfermeiros. A análise dos dados foi apoiada pelo software Iramuteq e pela síntese e teorização proposta pela pesquisa convergente assistencial. Resultados: na Etapa 1 realizada com transplantados, emergiram seis classes que foram interpretadas em quatro subcorpus, e apontaram os significados e as demandas para o autogerenciamento. Na Etapa 2, realizada com enfermeiros, as demandas encontradas na Etapa 1 foram refletidas no grupo de discussão e ratificadas. Com base nos achados as diretrizes para atender às demandas de autogerenciamento à saúde de pessoas transplantadas foram: acompanhamento profissional, adesão ao tratamento, manutenção dos cuidados prescritos, busca por orientações e informações, implicações do diagnóstico, restabelecimento da imunidade, inserção no mercado de trabalho, limitações físicas, e mudanças de hábitos cotidianos. Conclusão: as diretrizes propostas refletem a compreensão das necessidades vivenciadas para a adaptação do indivíduo ao processo de saúde/doença na fase pós- Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas e expressa à importância da realização de estratégias promotoras ao autogerenciamento.

Implementation of school mental health social service system in accordance with the contemporary characteristics of children and adolescents mental health problems / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In recent years, mental health problems of children and adolescents are increasingly recognised as one of the most significant public health concerns. The article briefly describes the contemporary characteristics of mental health problems in children and adolescents, and proposes the implementation of school mental health social service system, including the establishment of comprehensive school mental health social service policies, the improvement of the school mental health social service model, the construction of regional school mental health service centers, and the strengthening of school mental health service practices in order to address youth mental health needs.

Retrospective analysis of childcare center disinfection in some regions of Anhui Province during 2019-2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the status of childcare center disinfection around the COVID-19 pandemic, the needs of professional technical support, so as to give advice for improvement measures.@*Methods@#Using multi stage stratified sampling method, one was selected from each area of northern and southern Anhui Province, with 3 counties/districts selected from each city. A total of 54, 58, 60 childcare institutions were selected. A questionnaire survey, as well as on site visits and data check were administered in these childcare centers in Anhui Province were implemented. Information regarding the three stage disinfection work from 2019 to 2022 and technical support needs were collected.@*Results@#A total of 54, 58, 60 childcare centers were investigated in 2019, 2020 and 2021-2022. Most of the childcare centers recorded disinfection work (96.3%, 96.6%, 98.3%), while few of them ( 26.4% , 26.3%, 58.3%) monitored disinfection factor intensity. The implementing rate of disinfection effect evaluation was 68.3% at the stage of normal prevention and control, the highest demand rate for professional technical support was guidance and training ( 95.0% ), and the highest demand rate for training content was disinfectant preparation method (81.7%). There were significant differences in the rate of disinfection tableware room allocation (A: 93.3%, B: 70.0%), and the rate of disinfection effect evaluation among different cities (A: 53.3%, B: 83.3%)( χ 2=6.24, 5.46, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#From 2019 to 2022, childcare center disinfection has significantly improved, however, disinfection factor intensity monitoring and disinfection effect evaluation are neglected during the stage of normal prevention and control. The demand for professional technical institutions to provide disinfectant preparation method guidance and training is high.It is suggested to strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of disinfection and related technical guidance.

Current status of health standards and health management system in childcare institutions / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Children in childcare institutions are involved with a high degree of contact, poor personal hygiene habits, low resistance, high incidence of disease, infections diseases are easily spread without proper public health management. Compared with child care centers, the construction of national standards, industry standards and management systems for primary and secondary school health is relatively complete, while the applicability of the current hygiene standards and management systems for childcare centers is worth exploring. By reviewing the previous literature, the study sorted out the current status of hygiene standards and hygiene management system in childcare institutions, and assesse their applicability in childcare institutions, so as to provide references for the establishment of hygiene standards and hygiene management system in childcare institutions.

Experience and associated factors of sexuality education among kindergarten and primary and secondary school teachers / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the experience, attitude and practice of sexuality education for teachers, so as to provide evidence for promoting sexuality education training for teachers and teaching ability improvement.@*Methods@#From September to October 2021, 2 146 valid data of kindergarten and primary and secondary school teachers across the country were collected. Associateds factors of teachers sexuality education behavior were explored by Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#Family and school based sexuality education experiences were insufficient among teachers (22.51%, 46.55%), and the proportions of female teachers who had received sexuality education (20.44%, 41.67%) were significantly higher than that of male teachers (2.05%, 4.90%). Currently, 47.53 % of the kindergartens and primary and secondary schools from participating teachers didn t carry out sex education, which mainly focused in the field of reproductive health and physical development. Kindergartens and primary and secondary schools often integrated sex education into other disciplines (64.48%, 47.83%). Teachers acceptance of family and school based sexuality education, students willingness to communicate on sexual topics with teachers, teachers confidence in answering sexual questions were positively correlated with teachers teaching activities of sexuality education ( OR=1.59, 1.37, 1.67, 1.67, P < 0.01 ).@*Conclusions@#Teachers teaching ability of sexuality education is insufficient, and school based sexuality education couldn t meet students developmental needs. Providing sexuality education training to teachers and enhancing their confidence in answering sexual questions are helpful to facilitate sexuality education teaching activities.

Establishment of integrative medicine with patient first model in the clinical practice of hemodialysis access / 中华肾脏病杂志

Vascular accesses are the lifelines for hemodialysis patients. This paper proposes to establish an integrative medicine with patient first model in the clinical practice of vascular access based on characters of hemodialysis patients and combined with the domestic and global innovation of management of vascular access. This model emphasizes the integration of vascular access plan with the whole life plan of renal replacement therapy, the combination of characters of vessel and entire condition of the patient, as well as balanced with patient's psychosocial characters. To implement this model in clinical practice, a multidisciplinary team with different professional background should be built, suitable job position should be set up and workflows should be formulated and optimized.

Implementing the special action plan to comprehensively strengthen and improve students mental health work / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In recent years, mental health issues have gradually expanded from adults and professional groups to the primary and secondary school students, and are showing a trend of younger age. The article analyzes the "Special Action Plan for Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving the Mental Health Work of Students in the New Era (2023-2025)" jointly issued by 17 departments including the Ministry of Education. It explores the current situation, overall concept, key tasks, and other aspects to further improve the "four in one" student mental health work system of health education, monitoring and warning, consulting services, intervention disposal, and improve students mental health literacy.

Establishment and exploration of the mechanism of Co-morbidity，Shared Etiology，and Shared Prevention of major health problems of children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In recent years, child and adolescent health problems such as myopia, obesity, and mental health have attracted the attention of society as a whole and have become important public health issues. Considering high prevalence in each of the major health problems among children and adolescents in China, current high prevalence of co morbidities of these health problems needs further attention. Shared behavioral and environmental risk and protective factors make it possible to improve the co morbidities among children and adolescents through the same interventions. It is urgent to explore the Co morbidity，Shared Etiology，and Shared Prevention mechanism of common diseases of children and adolescents in China, and to explore standardized programs and processes for the implementation of comorbidity intervention for children and adolescents across varied scenarios including families, schools, communities and medical institutions, so as to improve the health level of children and adolescents.